Stomach Cancer (Gastric Cancer)

Overview:

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the

cells lining the stomach. It is a relatively uncommon cancer but can be aggressive and

challenging to detect in its early stages.

Causes:

The development of stomach cancer is influenced by various factors, including:

● Helicobacter pylori Infection: Chronic infection with H. pylori bacteria is a major

risk factor for stomach cancer.

● Chronic Gastritis: Ongoing inflammation of the stomach lining can increase the risk.

● Certain Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, a diet high in smoked and salted foods, low

fruit and vegetable intake, and obesity may contribute.

● Family History: A history of stomach cancer in close relatives may increase the risk.

● Pernicious Anemia: A condition where the stomach lacks a protein needed to

absorb vitamin B12.

Symptoms:

Stomach cancer often does not cause symptoms in its early stages. As the disease

progresses, symptoms may include:

● Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unintentional weight loss.

● Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, often described as

vague or persistent.

● Loss of Appetite: A reduced desire to eat.

● Nausea and Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting, particularly after meals.

● Difficulty Swallowing: Dysphagia or a feeling of fullness during or after eating.

● Bleeding: In advanced stages, bleeding may occur, leading to blood in the stool or

black, tarry stools.

Treatment:

The treatment of stomach cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and may involve a

combination of approaches:

● Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissues is a common

treatment for early-stage stomach cancer.

● Chemotherapy: Powerful drugs are used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.

● Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells.

● Targeted Therapy: Medications that target specific aspects of cancer cells to

inhibit their growth.

● Immunotherapy: Stimulating the body's immune system to recognize and attack

cancer cells.

● Palliative Care: Supportive care to manage symptoms and improve the quality of

life, especially in advanced stages.

Stomach cancer treatment plans are individualized based on factors such as the stage

of cancer, overall health, and patient preferences. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are essential to assess the response to treatment and detect any signs of recurrence. Early detection is crucial for improving outcomes in stomach cancer, so individuals with

symptoms or risk factors should seek prompt medical attention.