Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)

Overview:

Primary Biliary Cholangitis, formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic liver

disease characterized by the progressive destruction of small bile ducts within the liver.

Over time, this damage can lead to impaired bile flow, inflammation, and ultimately

result in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Causes:

The exact cause of PBC is not well understood, but it is believed to involve a

combination of genetic, environmental, and autoimmune factors. The immune system

mistakenly attacks and destroys the bile ducts, leading to the characteristic liver

damage seen in PBC.

Symptoms:

PBC can be asymptomatic in its early stages, but as the disease progresses, symptoms

may develop. Common symptoms include:

● Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and weakness.

● Itching (Pruritus): Itchy skin, often severe and persistent, is a common symptom.

● Abdominal Discomfort: Discomfort or pain in the upper right abdomen.

● Dry Eyes and Mouth: Some individuals may experience dryness in the eyes and mouth.

● Joint Pain: Pain and stiffness in the joints.

● Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes in advanced stages.

Treatment:

Treatment for PBC aims to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and prevent

complications. Common approaches include:

● Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA): This medication is the primary treatment for PBC.

It helps improve bile flow and may slow the progression of the disease.

● Obeticholic Acid (OCA): In some cases, OCA may be prescribed as an additional

treatment for those who do not respond adequately to UDCA.

● Symptomatic Relief: Medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms such

as itching or joint pain.

● Lifestyle Modifications: Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet,

regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol, can contribute to overall well-being.

● Liver Transplant: In advanced stages with cirrhosis and liver failure, a liver

transplant may be considered.

Regular monitoring and follow-ups with healthcare professionals are essential for

individuals with PBC. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage the disease

effectively and improve the quality of life for those affected. It's crucial for individuals

with symptoms suggestive of PBC to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and

the initiation of an appropriate treatment plan.